Lecture notes

    • 3D Modeling and Heritage

      By means of engineering technologies, the data acquisition could be done by different teams using topographic, photogrammetric and geodesic methods, in order to obtain 2D and 3D representations of objects, buildings and surfaces. We present the results obtained during the search for cartographic methods, which can assist in the interpretation and dissemination of knowledge regarding Archaeology and our Heritage. To investigate different methods of portraying monumental edifices, we made use of new data capturing equipment for which traditional photogrammetrical methodologies were compared, taking advantage of the least square adjustment capability provided by the independent grids. To investigate procedures for the treatment of cartographic data a study was undertaken, to develop a thematic cartography that combines the scientific results with a graphical presentation.

      • LN-F-001. Modelización y Patrimonio (PDF).
        Tecnologías de representación 3D en los procesos de documentación del Patrimonio Pétreo.

      Topographic Projects

      All topographic projects need proper georeferencing. Although the position of a point is usually given by three coordinates from a specific reference system, for the coordinates to be compatible with the official cartographies the system used must be permanently defined, i.e. the system origin and the axes of which it is formed must be fixed with sufficient precision for the required objectives.

      This document includes a brief description of the official reference systems at present in use in Spain.

      • LN-F-002. Proyectos Topográficos (PDF)
        Referenciación de Proyectos Topográficos.

       

      Cartography and 3D Modelling

      Before 3D laser scanners were introduced, registration systems relied on the traditional topographic methods to obtain cartographic representations of zones of interest. We give here a brief description of the first attempts to obtain support models for archaeological records.

      • LN-F-003. Cartography and 3D Modelling (PDF)

       

      Photogrammetry

      The aim of this document is to show the results of the digital photogrammetry methodology and its potential for application in 3D modeling in Archaeology. They are described the general possibilities of the digital photogrammetry methodology and the application of the 3D representation of three different sites in Jebel Buhais Archaeological Area, in the United Arab Emirates. It will show the data collection works of archaeological data in BHS 66, BH67 and the 5 Burial artefacts, in an attempt to create and define a general methodology with non metric camera images transferring the updated potential of photogrammetry into 3D modeling.

      • LN-F-004. Photogrammetry (PDF)
         Digital Photogrammetry: 3D Representation of Archaeological Sites.

       

      Previous 3D Modeling Methodologies

      The principal aim is the creation of tridimensional pattern of archaeological sites and their surroundings, while maintaining the accuracy afforded by traditional cartographic documents. Thereafter the more detailed data from the site is analysed, in an attempt to achieve sufficient quality of data that will allow the creation of maps at a scale of 1:100 of the surroundings, and 1:50 maps of the excavations. In-situ data representing the topography of the site and surroundings has been obtained, bi- and tridimensional “cartographic documents” have been developed from DTM and hyper-realistic virtual representations of the excavation.

      • LN-F-005. Previous 3D Modeling Methodologies (PDF)

       

      Artefacts 3D Modeling

      This report presents a methodology for creating a graphic representation of an artefact once the register and documentation of the object have been obtained. The location of the artefact was referenced from this point and the cartography of its surroundings obtained. The first step was to apply photogrammetric methodologies to obtain the metric definition, and afterwards, by means of techniques such as 3D scanning to customise software, and other products. The report will also discuss other proposed means of dissemination. It questions how easy it is nowadays to obtain data and demonstrates why interpretation needs to be integrated in the progress.

      • LN-F-006. Artefacts 3D Modeling (PDF)